European healthcare - rising to many challenges
Many reasons for change
Increasing age of the population
Decreasing size of the working population
Increasing incidence of infectious diseases and of chronic medical conditions
World economic situation
Better informed patients
New medical technologies
New medicines and regulatory requirements
National healthcare systems and their economic health
Government- or state-appointed health insurance
National health services based on taxation
Cooperative systems
EU applicants, first round
EU applicants, second round
Other countries
Healthcare reforms conclusion - many reasons; similar outcomes
Cost containment
Medicines as a part of healthcare spending
The pharmacist's position
Many factors; limited influence
The pharmacist and generics
The pharmacist and OTCs
The growing importance of payers
Efficiency as well as cost saving
A more palatable exercise
Efficiency in pharmacy: medicines management
Changes in the pharmaceutical industry
A tiring giant
Problems for EU R&D
Generics and OTCs are gaining strength
Disease management and managed care