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General Industry
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| Title |
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Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals in Latin America |
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| Sub title |
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A guide to the markets and regulations |
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| Author |
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F. Kermani |
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| Publication date |
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May 2005 |
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| ISBN |
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0954698177 |
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| Pages |
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83 |
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| Price |
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pdf £525 | print £550 |
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Summary
Latin America is an extremely promising region for the international pharmaceutical industry, but it is not a straightforward region to operate in and commercial objectives can still be dented by the economic and political forces that exist in different countries.
Although in principle there should be markets only for branded medicines and their generic competitors, the Latin American market is actually more complex and has a range of products that fall into legally ambiguous classes. These manufacturers position their products in such a manner that they appear almost the same as branded products and thus confuse the consumer. In the absence of better information, consumers then believe that branded products are over-expensive and avoid buying them.
Latin America has seen ongoing investment by the international pharmaceutical industry, and most major companies are well represented in the region. They have managed to deal with the economic crises in the region, but other areas of concern remain. In particular, the pharmaceutical industry has frequently expressed strong concerns about the environment for intellectual property protection in Latin America and has indicated that it is a factor that is affecting its investment in the region.
This report Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals in Latin America - A guide to the markets and regulations provides the insight that busies executives require when looking at the opportunities within the region.
Five reasons to read this report:
1. Gain an understanding into the politics of health reform in Latin America
2. Learn which markets have significant growth potential
3. Understand the complexities of intellectual property rights
4. Brief yourself the risk associated with operating in the region
5. Recognise the commercial opportunities for pharmaceutical companies
Countries covered in detail include: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Mexico, Venezuela
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS |
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Chapter 1: Characteristics of Latin America
The Latin American political, economic and social climate
The political situation in Latin America
The Freedom House evaluation of Latin America’s status
Transparency International’s evaluation of Latin America’s status
The Organization of American States
The North American Free Trade Agreement
Mercosur
The Andean Community
Politics and healthcare in Latin America
Economic investment in Latin America
Case study: Argentina’s economic crisis
Latin American healthcare policy
Implications of Latin American healthcare reform for the pharmaceutical industry
Case study: political opposition in Peru
Public healthcare system workers go on strike in El Salvador
The Pan-American Health Organization
Chapter 2: Pharmaceutical Market Issues
The importance of the Latin American pharmaceutical market
Case study: Celebrex makes strong sales debut in Latin America
Case study: Sanofi-Aventis strengthens position in Latin American OTC market
Pharmaceutical R&D in Latin America
Case study: Brazil sets up major vaccine manufacturing plant
GlaxoSmithKline selects Mexico to launch new rotavirus vaccine
Case study: La Federación Latinoamericana de la Industria Farmacéutica
Intellectual property issues
Intellectual property protection in Latin America
Changes in the environment for intellectual property in Latin America
Weaknesses of Latin American intellectual property protection
Article 39-3 of the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Chapter 3: Mexico
The healthcare system
The pharmaceutical market
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical market
Generics
Intellectual property issues
Similares
The domestic pharmaceutical industry
Multinational pharmaceutical company presence
Cross-border purchasing of pharmaceuticals in Mexico
Drug counterfeiting in Mexico
Illegal drug importation
Chapter 4: Brazil
The healthcare system
The pharmaceutical market
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical market
The domestic pharmaceutical industry
Government initiatives for the domestic pharmaceutical industry
Case study: UNAIDS and Brazil launch joint initiative to counter AIDS in developing nations
Classification of pharmaceutical products
Generics
Awareness of generics in Brazil
Future prospects for the pharmaceutical market
Chapter 5: Argentina
The healthcare system
The pharmaceutical market
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical market
The pharmaceutical industry
Indian pharmaceutical companies enter the Argentinian market
Generics
Intellectual property issues
The pharmaceutical black market in Argentina
Price increases in Argentina
Chapter 6: Venezuela
The healthcare system
The pharmaceutical market
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical market
Case study: GlaxoSmithKline in Venezuela
Intellectual property issues
Generics
Case study: IVAX acquires Venezuelan pharmaceutical company
Venezuelan pharmaceutical companies seek higher prices
Andean countries examine measures to produce generics
Venezuelan authorities tackle unregistered natural therapies
Venezuelan pharmacies in crisis
Venezuelan authorities seize illicit medical products
Chapter 7: Colombia
The healthcare system
The pharmaceutical market
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical market
The pharmaceutical industry
Intellectual property issues
Case study: Colombia overturns Viagra patent
Government tackles price increases
Chapter 8: Chile
The healthcare system
The pharmaceutical market
Characteristics of the pharmaceutical market
The pharmaceutical industry
Generics
Case study: Laboratorios Bagó Chile
Bolivian pharmaceutical companies resist Chilean rivals
Chapter 9: Pharmaceutical Pricing in Latin America
The World Trade Organization (WTO) and its objectives
The WTO philosophy
The WTO and Latin America
WTO viewpoint on intellectual property rights
Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
Intellectual property and the Latin American pharmaceutical market
Limitations of TRIPS and trade disputes
Intellectual property rights in Chile
Pricing and the developing world
Access to essential medicines in Latin America
Fighting corruption to improve access to medicines in Latin America
Consumer views on pharmaceutical prices
Latin American countries seek lower prices for HIV treatments
Case study: the Campaign for Fighting Diseases criticises developing nations for inflating drug prices
The concept of compulsory licensing
The grounds for using a compulsory licence
Brazil and HIV drug pricing
The future of compulsory licensing
Case study: Brazil builds pharmaceutical manufacturing plant in Africa
Chapter 10: The Internet and the Healthcare Market in Latin America
The Internet and the pharmaceutical industry
The potential of the Internet for Latin America
Internet usage in Latin America
Limitations to gauging Internet access in Latin America
Case study: Novartis launches a Spanish version of its website
Case study: usage of the Internet by doctors in Brazil
Case study: Pfizer’s Internet-based strategies for Latin America
The Institute for Connectivity in the Americas
Barriers to Internet usage in Bolivia
e-Health
e-Health in Latin America
Uptake of e-health services in Latin America
Barriers to e-health in Latin America
Case study: Salutia
Pharmaceutical e-detailing in Latin America
References
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Life expectancy at birth (2005–10)
Figure 1.2 Infant mortality rates (2005–10)
Figure 1.3 Freedom House country ratings
Figure 1.4 The 2003 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index
Figure 1.5 Trade between the Andean Community and Mercosur
Figure 1.6 The Latin American economy
Figure 2.1 Latin American GDP (2003)
Figure 2.2 Growth of Latin American pharmaceutical sales – local industry estimates
Figure 3.1 Suppliers of pharmaceuticals to the Mexican market
Figure 3.2 Growth of Mexican pharmaceutical sales according to local estimates
Figure 3.3 Employment in the Mexican pharmaceutical industry (2004)
Figure 4.1 Growth of Brazilian pharmaceutical sales according to local estimates
Figure 5.1 Growth of Argentinian pharmaceutical sales according to local estimates
Figure 5.2 Argentinian pharmaceutical market, by class – second quarter sales
Figure 6.1 Growth of Venezuelan pharmaceutical sales according to local estimates
Figure 7.1 Growth of Colombian pharmaceutical sales according to local estimates
Figure 7.2 Colombian pharmaceutical market
Figure 8.1 Growth of Chilean pharmaceutical sales according to local estimates
Figure 9.1 Global estimates of HIV and AIDS as at the end of 2003
Figure 9.2 The 2003 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index
Figure 9.3 Negotiated prices for generic stavudine in 10 Latin American countries (2003)
Figure 9.4 Negotiated prices for generic zidovudine (AZT) in 10 Latin American countries (2003)
Figure 9.5 Estimated combined total duties and taxes imposed on retail medicines (2003)
Figure 10.1 Internet usage statistics (2004)
Figure 10.2 Expenditure on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in selected countries (2000)
Figure 10.3 Internet usage in Latin America: growth for the period 2000–04
Figure 10.4 Average usage of the Internet in the previous 30 days: analysis by social class in Brazil
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Member countries of the OAS
Table 2.1 Key Latin American industrial and intellectual property legislation
Table 2.2 Latin American nations placed on the Office of the US Trade Representative’s 2004 Special 301 Watch List
Table 3.1 Pharmaceutical product types in Mexico
Table 10.1 Projects being run by the ICA
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